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For the PXB, byte swapping is the method to change This is commonly referred to as byte swapping. In this situation, you must reverse the byte order before downloading Order, the recipient of the data may require the bytes in the reverse While the processor used for waveform development determines the byte In binary format, as is done when downloading data to the PXB. The order only becomes important when you use the data To a text file (ASCII text), the values are the same as viewed from aīig endian system. If you output data from a little endian system The byte order describes how the system processor stores integer valuesĪs binary data in memory. This includes Agilent Technologies Advanced Design System Big endian is also used byĭevelopment platforms include any product that creates and saves waveformĭata to a file. Swapped internally for use on the baseband.
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Manufacturer to determine the order they use for bytes and if they supportīoth, to understand how to ensure that you are using the correct byteĮven though the PXB processor uses Little Endian, the byte order may be The Apple PowerPC processor, while big endian oriented,Īlso supports the little endian order. Sun™ and Motorola processors use big endian. Intel© processors and itsĬlones use little endian. Processor used with your development platform. The byte order, little endian or big endian, depends on the type of
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I/Q data point, the PXB uses four bytes (two integer values), two bytesįor the I point and two bytes for the Q point.
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Use the Endianess setting (:RADio2|3|4|5|6:ARB:FORMat:BORDer NORMal|SWAPped) to swap the byte order to Little Endian. In little endian order, the LSB and MSB are nextįor I/Q data downloads, the PXB accepts Big Endian order by default. Notice in the previous figure that the LSB and MSB positioning changes These terms are used by designers of computer processors. To identify byte order, use the terms little endianĪnd big endian. This is similar to identifying the order ofīits by LSB and MSB. When you use multiple bytes (as required for the waveform data), you The following is an example ofīecause we are using 2 bytes of data, the LSB appears in the second Within groups (strings) of bits, we designate the order of the bitsīy identifying which bit has the highest value and which has the lowest It takes 4 bits to represent a single hex value. Hexadecimal consists of the valuesĠ, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Hexadecimal (hex) values (base 16), which are shorter. Lengthen as the value increases, it is common to show binary values using The maximum value for two unsigned bytes is 65535. Shows two bytes and the resulting integer value:įor I and Q data, the PXB uses two bytes to represent an integer value. The maximum value for a single unsigned byte is 255 (11111111 or 2 8−1),īut you can use multiple bytes to represent larger values. The PXB accepts data in the form of bytes. Notice that the exponent identifies the bit position within the data, To find theĭecimal value of the binary data, sum the value of each location: The first bit position, zero, is located at the far right. Within the data represents a value that uses base two raised to a powerĮxponent is n−1 because the first position is zero. Bits and Bytesīinary data uses the base-two number system. This topic explains the necessary components and formatting of the binaryĭata, which uses ones and zeros to represent a value. Each I/Q point equals one waveform point. The I/Qįile contains the interleaved I and Q data points (signed 16-bit integersįor each I and Q data point). The PXB accepts binary data formatted into a binary I/Q file. Understanding Waveform Data Understanding Binary Formatted Waveform Data